Automatic swing doors are widely used in various public and commercial places due to their convenience and intelligent features. However, under long-term high-frequency operation, they are prone to various faults affected by environmental factors, component wear and tear, improper operation, etc. These faults not only reduce traffic efficiency but also may pose potential safety hazards.
Sensor failure is one of the most common faults of automatic swing doors, mainly manifesting in two situations: first, the door fails to open upon sensor activation; second, frequent false triggering occurs. The former is mostly caused by sensor malfunctions, poor circuit connections, or improper sensing range settings; the latter is commonly due to sensor interference, contaminated probes, or excessively high sensitivity.
Troubleshooting such faults should follow the principle of "from simple to complex": first, clean the sensor probes. Wipe dust and oil stains off the surfaces of microwave radar, infrared sensors, and other probes with a dry cloth to prevent obstacles from interfering with signal collection. Second, check the sensing range and sensitivity. Adjust the parameters via the control panel to narrow an overly wide sensing range and reduce excessively high sensitivity. Especially in scenarios with heavy pedestrian flow and strong environmental interference, the "multi-sensor fusion" mode can be adopted to filter out interference. Third, inspect the circuit connections. Open the cabinet to check if the sensor wiring terminals are loose or oxidized. If there are oxidation marks, apply conductive paste; tighten loose terminals; replace the wires if they are damaged. If the above operations fail, the sensor itself is likely faulty and needs to be replaced with the same model.
Door jamming and abnormal noise during operation directly affect the passing experience and may even cause component damage in severe cases. Jamming is mostly due to foreign objects blocking the guide rail, insufficient lubrication, or wear of transmission components; abnormal noise is commonly caused by motor aging, lack of oil in the gearbox, loose hinges, etc.
For troubleshooting, first focus on inspecting the guide rail. Clear dust, debris, hair, and other foreign objects in the guide rail groove to ensure smooth sliding of the door. Then, lubricate the moving parts such as the guide rail, hinges, and transmission belt. Use suitable silicone-based grease or mechanical lubricating oil, and apply it evenly on the contact surfaces of the guide rail and hinge shafts, avoiding excessive lubrication that may attract dust. If jamming persists, check the tension of the transmission belt. Press the belt with fingers; the deflection should be controlled within 5–10 millimeters. Adjust the tensioning device if the deflection is insufficient; replace the belt if it is excessively loose or cracked. For abnormal noise issues, observe the motor operating status. If the motor emits a humming noise and runs at an abnormal speed during operation, it may have a winding fault. Use a multimeter to test the winding resistance, and replace the motor once the fault is confirmed. If the noise comes from the gearbox, adding the same type of lubricating oil can alleviate the problem.
Door positioning deviation is characterized by incomplete door closing, insufficient opening angle, or door offset. The core causes are encoder malfunctions, belt slippage, or misaligned limit switches. As the core component for position detection, the encoder will lead to inaccurate door positioning if it is loosely installed or has abnormal signal transmission; belt slippage fails to transmit power precisely; offset limit switches will make the door operating stroke deviate from the preset value.
Troubleshooting methods: first, check the encoder. Tighten its mounting screws to ensure good contact of the signal connection wires; replace the encoder directly if it is damaged. Second, inspect the transmission belt. Clean oil stains on the surfaces of the belt and pulleys, adjust the tension, and replace the belt with a new one if necessary. Third, calibrate the limit switches. Manually adjust the switch positions and conduct equipment test runs until the door opening angle and closing position meet the preset requirements. After calibration, tighten the switch fixing screws to prevent re-offset.
Anti-pinch function failure is a major safety hazard, which is manifested by the door failing to reverse when encountering obstacles during closing. The main causes are anti-pinch sensor malfunctions, circuit breaks, or control system faults. If the anti-pinch sensors (infrared correlation sensors, pressure sensors) are blocked, damaged, or have poor circuit connections, the signal cannot be transmitted to the control system; abnormal control system programs will also prevent the execution of anti-pinch commands.
For troubleshooting, first remove obstacles blocking the anti-pinch sensor probes and clean the probe surfaces. Then perform a function test: use an object to simulate an obstacle blocking the door closing and observe whether the door reverses. If there is no response, check the sensor circuits, tighten loose terminals, and repair damaged circuits. If the circuits are normal, replace the sensor and test again. If the problem persists, contact the manufacturer to debug the control system program and ensure the normal operation of the anti-pinch logic.
Motor failure to start or immediate stop after startup is mostly related to power supply faults, triggered overload protection, or abnormal control programs. Power supply faults include main power outages, wiring errors, and blown fuses; overload protection is triggered by door obstruction or excessive load; abnormal control programs may result from incorrect parameter settings or program damage.
Troubleshooting steps: first, check the power supply. Confirm that the main power supply is normal, check if the fuse in the cabinet is blown. Replace the blown fuse with one of the same specification, and check the power wiring for correctness to avoid reverse connection of positive and negative poles. Second, troubleshoot overload issues. Clear obstacles in the door's operating path, check if the door has excessive load due to deformation or jamming. After troubleshooting, reset the overload protection via the control panel. Third, inspect the control program. Restore the factory settings and re-adjust the parameters. If the program is damaged, professional personnel are required to reflash the program.
Abnormal door operating speed, such as excessively fast or slow opening/closing speed, is mainly caused by misaligned parameters of the power control module or motor faults. Improper settings of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) parameters in the control system will directly affect the motor speed; motor aging and unstable speed will also lead to abnormal speed.
Troubleshooting methods: prioritize adjusting the speed parameters via the control panel. Set reasonable acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration parameters according to the application scenarios to ensure stable door operation. If there is no improvement after parameter adjustment, check the motor operating status. Use a multimeter to test the motor output power. If the power is insufficient or the speed fluctuates significantly, the motor is aging or damaged and needs to be replaced in a timely manner.
Most faults can be prevented in advance through standardized daily maintenance. It is recommended to regularly clean the sensors and guide rails, lubricate the moving parts on schedule, and check the status of circuit connections and fasteners to avoid excessive component wear. Meanwhile, optimize the equipment parameters according to the application scenarios to prevent faults caused by improper parameters. For complex faults that cannot be solved independently (such as control system faults), do not disassemble the equipment blindly; contact professional maintenance personnel for handling to ensure safe and effective equipment repair. Through scientific fault troubleshooting and daily maintenance, the failure rate of
automatic swing doors can be significantly reduced, and the service life of the equipment can be prolonged.
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