In modern architecture, automatic swing doors have become a common fixture in shopping malls, hospitals, office buildings, and other venues due to their convenient user experience. These doors realize automatic opening and closing through the coordinated operation of sensing devices and drive systems, meeting people's demand for traffic efficiency. According to different dimensions such as drive mode, sensing principle, and opening direction, automatic swing doors can be divided into various types. Each type has its own structural characteristics and applicable scenarios, collectively forming a diverse system of automatic doors.
From the perspective of drive mode, electric automatic swing doors are currently the most widely used type, with their core relying on motors to drive door operation. The motors of these doors are usually used in conjunction with reduction mechanisms and transmission devices. After the motor starts, the reduction mechanism reduces the speed and increases the torque, and then the transmission device transmits power to the door body, pushing it to move smoothly along the preset track. The drive system of electric automatic swing doors can be hidden inside the door frame or installed above the door body, ensuring both operational stability and the aesthetic appearance of the building. At the main entrances of large shopping malls, common heavy-duty electric swing doors can achieve bidirectional opening. Combined with the wide door design, they meet the pedestrian traffic demand during peak hours. Outside office rooms in office buildings, light-duty electric swing doors adapt to frequent opening and closing scenarios with their compact size and flexible control methods.
Hydraulic automatic swing doors use hydraulic systems as the power source, driving door movement through changes in hydraulic oil pressure. The advantage of hydraulic drive lies in smoother operation. The opening and closing speed of the door body can be controlled by adjusting hydraulic valves, avoiding noise and wear caused by mechanical impact. Such door bodies are usually suitable for venues with heavy door weights or high requirements for operational stability, such as factory workshop entrances and exhibition passageways in large exhibition halls. The sealing design of the hydraulic system enables these doors to work normally in humid and dusty environments. Their maintenance cycle is relatively long, reducing the trouble of daily inspections. However, the installation cost of hydraulic automatic swing doors is relatively high, and special space for hydraulic pipelines needs to be reserved. Therefore, their application in ordinary civil buildings is not as widespread as that of electric ones.
Divided by sensing principle, infrared sensor automatic swing doors are a type familiar to the public. Their working principle is that infrared sensors detect human or object signals in front of the door. When a signal is detected, the sensor transmits it to the control system, which then activates the drive device to open the door. The detection range of infrared sensing can be adjusted according to needs, ranging from tens of centimeters to several meters, and the response speed is fast, which can trigger the door opening action the moment a person approaches the door. In places such as hospital ward buildings and elevator lobbies, infrared sensor automatic swing doors can avoid people touching the door body, reducing the risk of cross-infection. At the entrances and exits of supermarkets, their sensitive sensing performance can ensure smooth passage for shoppers.
Microwave sensor automatic swing doors realize sensing function by utilizing the reflection characteristics of microwave signals. Microwave sensors emit microwave signals in front of the door. When an object enters the detection area, the signal will be reflected. After receiving the reflected signal, the sensor judges whether to start the door opening procedure. Compared with infrared sensing, microwave sensing is not affected by ambient light and temperature, and can maintain stable sensing effect even under strong light or low-temperature environments. Therefore, such automatic swing doors are more suitable for installation in outdoor open areas, such as unit doors of residential communities and entrances and exits of parking lots. In addition, microwave sensing has a wider detection range and can penetrate some non-metallic objects, making its application scenarios more flexible.
From the perspective of opening direction, single-opening automatic swing doors are the basic type. The door body can only open in one direction, with a simple structure and convenient installation. They are suitable for venues with limited space or small traffic volume, such as small offices and toilets. Double-opening automatic swing doors consist of two door bodies, which can open bidirectionally. With a larger opening width and higher traffic efficiency, they are the mainstream choice for large buildings such as shopping malls, office buildings, and hospitals. The two door bodies of double-opening automatic swing doors can operate synchronously or open separately according to the direction of pedestrian flow, with more flexible control methods. In the lobbies of some hotels, double-opening automatic swing doors are also combined with glass door bodies and decorative door frames to enhance the overall style of the building.
In addition, there are automatic swing doors with other structures, such as overlapping automatic swing doors. This type of door body is composed of multiple door leaves. When opened, the door leaves overlap, which can achieve a larger opening width in a limited space. It is suitable for venues with large door opening widths but limited installation space, such as large exhibition halls and airport waiting halls. The operating mechanism of overlapping automatic swing doors is more complex, requiring the control system to ensure the coordinated work of multiple door leaves and avoid jamming or collision during operation.
Different types of automatic swing doors have differences in design concepts and application scenarios, but their core is to improve the convenience and comfort of passage. When choosing an automatic swing door, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the space size of the installation site, traffic volume, and environmental conditions. For example, microwave sensor types are preferred for outdoor venues, and double-opening or overlapping structures are preferred for large buildings. With the continuous development of technology, the types of automatic swing doors are constantly enriched, and their operational performance and control methods are also continuously optimized. In the future, they will be integrated into various architectural scenarios, providing more convenience for people's life and work.
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